Síndrome neuroléptica maligna: um relato de caso

Abstract

Introduction: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare disease, observed mainly in middle-aged men before the 4th decade of life, characterized by fluctuations in the level of consciousness, intense muscle stiffness, dysautonomia (variation in pulse, blood pressure (BP) and respiratory rate) and hyperthermia. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratory, and other causes must be excluded. Description: D.G.S., 43 years old, male, married. He presented with a psychotic outbreak and was medicated with haloperidol and promethazine, subsequently evolving with muscle stiffness, sweating, hyperthermia, neurological changes and elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) compatible with the diagnosis of Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome, probably secondary to haloperidol infusion. Conclusion: The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is characterized by a reaction to the use of neuroleptics and leads the individual to present multiple organ changes, possibly fatal. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratory. The primary treatment is the suspension of the causative drug, and a specific treatment has not yet been established.