Análise das políticas públicas relacionadas à prevenção de gravidez na adolescência: proposta para elaboração de tecnilogia de saúde relacionada À assistÊncia e orientação de adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: Although national public health policies aimed at preventing teenage pregnancy have been reformulated over the years, following international guidelines and agreements, and Brazil has protective laws regarding the autonomy of sexual and reproductive health of this population, birth rates in this population group are still alarming. With the understanding that information and self-knowledge are important tools in promoting prevention, health technologies have occupied the central axis in health education actions, giving adolescents the opportunity to assume the role of agents of change. Objective: To develop health technologies that aim to qualify adolescents' knowledge regarding the topic of preventing teenage pregnancy. Method: This is an Integrative Literature Review, carried out in six stages according to Cunha et al. 2014. The Review served as the basis for the development of two health technology products: the first, an interactive resource in the form of a quiz designed for autonomous use by adolescents; and the second, a set of guidelines for teenage pregnancy prevention targeted at healthcare delivery in Primary Health Care. The first product used the method of identifying the main topics related to the theme, of international relevance, and using them as a basis for defining the topics to be addressed in the Quiz. Since it is a software, it was necessary to hire a programmer. The second product used the method of interacting the health indicators identified in the review with the sexual education guidelines described by UNESCO in a 2018 document, following the model described on the website of the Permanent Commission of Protocols for Primary Health Care of the Federal District. Results: The Integrative Review demonstrated that there is a gap in the national use of health indicators focused on the topic of preventing teenage pregnancy, when compared to those proposed internationally, since the most widely used and replicable health indicator nationally, to date, refers to a situation that has already occurred, which is pregnancy itself. Based on this gap and the knowledge acquired regarding information relevant to the topic, aware that health technologies are strong foundations in promoting health prevention, the following products were formulated. Products developed: The Interactive Newsletter in quiz format is designed for individuals aged 10 to 19 and addresses teenage pregnancy prevention. The content includes topics such as the right to sexual health and family planning, bodily changes associated with puberty, and contraception. It is freely accessible at the link https://quizmestrado-raquel-meirelles.vercel.app/, and is currently in the prototype phase. The Proposal for Guidance on Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy followed the model available on the website of the Health Department of the Federal District for submission to the Permanent Commission for Health Care Protocols – CPPAS/SAIS, at the link https://www.saude.df.gov.br/protocolo-ses, since it is proposed to be used during the anamnesis of consultations carried out by any health professional in care for adolescents in Primary Care, after submission to this commission. Conclusion: Understanding the importance of the topic for society, this study generated technical products related to information on the prevention of teenage pregnancy, based on public policies and health indicators related to the topic.