Saúde funcional de idosos em uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas: proposta de produtos utilizando a classificação internacional de funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde no CAPS ad do Distrito Federal

Abstract

The disorders related to the use of alcohol and other drug abuses is a chronic disease that affects several areas of the life of individuals, which lead to various physical, cognitive and social risk factors, and that when associated with progressive changes of aging may interfere with the performance of daily activities that promote autonomy, functional independence, quality of life and social reintegration. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the level of functionality of elderly people in abusive use of alcohol and other drugs in order to propose interventions based on the need of these individuals. Objective: To elaborate a protocol for the functional classification of alcohol and drug abusers using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF - CIF in Portuguese) as a proposal for implementation in the Alcohol and Other Drug Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS-AD) and CAPS I of the Federal District. Materials and methods: This is an mixed exploratory descriptive study of the development of an application protocol in services with elderly people in abusive use of alcohol and other drugs that are being treated in a CAPS-AD III in the Brazilian Federal District. Data were collected in two stages. In the first one, the exploratory study aimed to construct and validate the instrument for classification of functional health of elderly people in alcohol and other drugs abuse through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, with a focus group of 07 professional experts to validate the developed form. In the second stage, organized as a quantitative, documentary retrospective study, the sociodemographic profile, the context of alcohol consumption and other drugs from secondary data, and the functional health profile of the elderly were analyzed. Results: In the first stage of the study in the process of validating the form according to the domains of ICF, the experts pointed out that its usage in the clinical practice of the CAPS can contribute to the construction of the singular therapeutic plan, expanding the professional look according to the demand and reality presented by each individual. Based on the development and validation of the form at this stage, a proposal was made to include a health care protocol at the State Department of Health of the Federal District (SES-DF) for the use of the form developed through the ICF in the classification of the functionality of elderly people in abusive use of alcohol and other drugs in the CAPS-AD and CAPS I of DF. In the second stage, 190 medical records were analyzed, in which it was verified that the elderly who sought treatment in CAPS corresponded to 3.99% of all those attended in the service. The elderly were characterized by the majority of males (86.7%), with a mean age of 64.8 years, separated (37%), elementary school (35.7%), unemployed (38.5%), with family ties (69.9%) and have multiple drug dependence, and present degrees of deficiency in body function components, difficulties in components of activities and participation, and facilitators components of environmental factors. Conclusion: It is concluded that the number of elderly people seeking the specialized treatment service for the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs is low, and the consequences of abusive use may cause aggravations, being necessary to know the characteristics and the reality of these individuals for the planning of effective practices of psychosocial support focused on the peculiar needs of the elderly. It was also possible to conclude that the use of an instrument to classify functional health through the multidimensional view of ICF in alcohol and drug abusers may systematize and guide professionals in understanding the individuals in their complexity, considering the biopsychosocial aspects.