Desenvolvimento de tecnologias educacionais em cirurgia metabólica para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): livro didático e vídeo audiovisual como ferramentas de aprendizagem

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are serious public health problems in Brazil and worldwide, directly associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. The Unified Health System (SUS) has faced significant challenges in meeting the growing demand of patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases, requiring specific and innovative care strategies. In this context, metabolic surgery is emerging as an effective therapeutic alternative for controlling T2DM in obese patients, with proven benefits in improving the glycemic profile and reducing associated complications. However, there is still a lack of educational materials that can inform the public and healthcare professionals about the procedure, its restrictions, risks, benefits, and impact within the SUS. Objectives: This study aimed to develop health education strategies on metabolic surgery, outside the SUS context, in order to provide accessible, high-quality, and scientifically based information. We also sought to contribute to improving communication between the multidisciplinary team, managers and users, promoting the dissemination of knowledge and strengthening informed decision-making. Methods: Initially, the project envisioned the creation of a digital application that would bring together educational content on metabolic surgery. However, given technical and structural limitations, it was decided to reformulate the proposal, culminating in the development of two complementary educational products: an educational video and a question-and-answer e-book. Both were developed based on a review of the updated scientific literature and national and international guidelines on metabolic surgery and obesity. Furthermore, health communication aspects were considered to adapt the language to the target audience, maintaining clarity and accessibility of the information without compromising technical rigor. The educational video was produced to explain, in a didactic manner, the main concepts related to metabolic surgery, including indication criteria, types of surgical procedures, expected clinical benefits, potential risks, and postoperative care. Its visual and narrative structure was designed to capture the attention of lay audiences, while also proving useful for healthcare professionals seeking a clear and objective overview of the topic. The e-book, in turn, was developed in a question-and-answer format, addressing frequently asked questions by patients and their families regarding metabolic surgery. The material included explanations of the difference between bariatric and metabolic surgery, eligibility criteria within the Unified Health System (SUS), preoperative preparation, necessary lifestyle changes after the procedure, as well as information on long-term clinical and nutritional monitoring. This resource aims to both support the patient education process and serve as reference material for healthcare professionals involved in care. Result: The development of educational Technologies through complementary audiovisual and written resources allows for reaching different audiences and fostering different learning styles. Furthermore, the fact that the materials were developed based on scientific evidence reinforces their practical applicability, potentially contributing to the improvement of care provided by the SUS (Unified Health System). Among the main contributions of this study is the production of health education strategies that can be incorporated by investors, professionals, and health institutions as tools to support health promotion and the management of obesity and T2DM. The materials developed: Textbook: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN METABOLIC SURGERY: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The material includes explanations about the difference between bariatric and metabolic surgery, eligibility criteria in the SUS, preoperative preparation, lifestyle changes necessary after the intervention, as well as information on long-term clinical and nutritional monitoring, published by Coleta Científica, in 2024, ISBN: 978-65-999558-8-4, DOI: 10.29327/5427448. It is available in e-book format on the portal: https://portalcoleta.com.br/index.php/editora/article/view/170. Or through the link: DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/5427448.Educational video entitled “Metabolic Surgery” addresses the necessary guidelines for patients to understand how it is possible to adhere to metabolic surgery through the Unified Health System (SUS). It has been registered with ANCINE under protocol number B25-001181-00000. It is available on the eduCAPES Portal, in addition to being accessible through the link: http://educapes.capes.gov.br/handle/capes/1000631, as well as on YouTube through the address: https://youtu.be/BgjnJftrltw?si=844K9RO-q7F2DCOt. It is currently under review by reviewers. Scientific article: "Validation of mobile applications in the health area: an evidence-based study", analyzed studies available in the literature, highlighting methodological aspects related to application validation, including usability, being. was published in the JRG Journal of Academic Studies in 2023, under ISSN: 2595-1661, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7549230. It is available in open access digital format on the journal's portal: https://revistasaudedigital.com.br/index.php/artigo/view/xxx. It can also be accessed directly through the link: https://share.google/OXX54M8Jc6AyuaNRM.These products represent a breakthrough in the field of health education in metabolic surgery, serving as tools that promote the democratization of knowledge and the appreciation of patients as protagonists in their own care process. Conclusion: This dissertation concludes that the development of health educational materials, using diferente formats and languages, has the potential to expand access to information and improve understanding of complex topics, such as metabolic surgery. The development of a textbook and audiovisual video on metabolic surgery constitutes a viable, relevant, and potentially impactful learning strategy for the SUS (Unified Health System). These products provide support for clinical practice and health management and can be used in educational campaigns, professional training, and in the monitoring of patients undergoing metabolic surgery for remission of T2DM. Future studies recommend implementing and evaluating the impact of these materials with patients and healthcare teams to assess their effectiveness in improving understanding, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes.