Desenvolvimento de um instrumento de gestão em saúde e recurso gráfico visual aplicados ao estado nutricional e comorbidades em profissionais de uma unidade de saúde do Distrito Federal – DF

Abstract

Introduction: Shift work is an occupational risk factor. Circadian disorders can lead to poor eating control. Overweight and obesity, which are the result of interactions between genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors, influence reduced quality and life expectancy, functional disability and increased mortality. Health management is important in disseminating actions to promote healthy environments and the use of information technology is necessary. The use of tools that bring together image and text, linked to the digital world, prove to be efficient. Objectives: Analyze the nutritional status, associating it with comorbidities, work shifts and food consumption of health professionals, creating a pilot database with the anthropometric measurements collected, in addition to a visual graphic resource with information about diet and healthy lifestyle. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, carried out with 561 healthcare employees. Data collection took place between the months of July and December/2023 after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Weight, height and waist circumference data were recorded. To assess food consumption, the daily average consumption of food groups was obtained: Group 1 - processed foods and/or CV risk predictors; Group 2 - ultra-processed and/or major CV risk predictors and Group 3 - fresh or minimally processed and/or CV risk protectors. Results: Analyzing BMI and physical activity, 64.14% were overweight and 54.19% were sedentary. Sex, smoking and categorized BMI were associated with work shift (p=0.006, p=<0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). BMI was higher among day and night shift workers compared to day shift workers (p = 0.004) and was directly related to waist circumference (p < 0.001). The presence of comorbidities, the number of comorbidities, hypertension and diabetes were associated with the categorized BMI (p= <0.001, p= 0.043, p= 0.003 and p= 0.014, respectively). The frequency of consumption in group 3 was associated with the practice of physical activity (p<0.001). Group 3 had the highest average daily consumption. The presence of comorbidities was not associated with food consumption. The frequency of consumption in group 1 was associated with the work shift. Products developed: 1. Article entitled Work shifts, nutritional status and comorbidities in professionals from a public health unit in the Federal District - DF, already published in the Peer Review Journals magazine (ISSN: 1541-1389), classified by the Capes program unified in Qualis A3 ; 2. Article entitled Food consumption in health workers: the influence of shift work on nutritional status, already published in the Concilium Journal magazine (ISSN: 0010-5236), classified by the Capes program unified into Qualis A2; 3. Infographic on aspects related to healthy living; registration with the National Library was requested; 4. Pilot database to be used by the Safety, Hygiene and Occupational Medicine Center sector where percentages of categorized BMI and risk of metabolic complications can be viewed; 5. E-book entitled Night work and occupational risk: main health disorders, published by Editora Coleta Científica, in 2024, link: https://portalcoleta.com.br/index.php/editora/article/view/155. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight was higher than the findings of national surveys. Excess weight may be more related to a sedentary lifestyle. Possible omission of answers may justify greater consumption of healthy foods; However, those processed by night shift workers can bring several harms to the health of these professionals. Even though we did not find an association between night work and comorbidities, actions are necessary to minimize the risks of this type of work. The pilot database can help, because with the results, health management has support to develop more assertive strategies to improve the health situation and quality of life of professionals. The Infographic, a visual graphic resource with information about a healthy lifestyle, can be an attractive and viable option.