Avaliação do medo da Covid-19 entre estudantes de um curso de gradução em enfermagem durante a situação epidemiológica de 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The threat of the COVID-19 disease has brought serious consequences related to the mental health of the population. So this disease, which became a pandemic outbreak, too, became known as the pandemic of fear. In this sense, it is important to point out that university students have presented indicators of moderate to high prevalence of fear of COVID-19, which has repercussions on stress and mental suffering. Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with fear of COVID-19 in undergraduate nursing students in the epidemiological context of 2022. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with nursing students from a higher education institution in Brasília, Federal District. Data collection took place from March to July of the year 2022, through sociodemographc data and the questionnaires: Fear of COVID-19 Scale (EMC-19 / Fear of COVID-19 Scale / FCV-19S), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the questions Q1 (How would you evaluate your quality of life?), Q2 (How satisfied are you with your health?) and Q16 (How satisfied are you with your sleep?) of the WHOQOL-BREF. Also, EMC-19high fear of COVID-19 disease was defined as a median ≥ score in EMC-19. The analysis of data regarding fear of the disease was initially performed for simple logistic regression with p ≤ 0,200. Then, the factors were analyzed by the multiple logistic regression technique, which remained in the final model, those that had p ≤ 0,050. Result: Regarding the result, 223 students were included in this study. The main characteristics of the population are age group with a median of 21 years (interquartile range 20.00 - 23.00), 76.23% female, 95.07% single, 96.86% have no children, 87.44% only study, 82.06% use public transport as a means of locomotion, 67.71% do not have a psychiatric illness, (96.41%) have done use of immunizer against COVID-19. However, the only factor that remained in the final model of multiple logistic regression was question Q16. Thus, those who had good sleep [p=0.049; odds ratio=0.530 (95% confidence interval=0.280–0.996)] were less likely to have high fear of COVID-19. Product developed: Previous studies have found that students with good sleep were less likely to have high fear of COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to offer health education related to sleep quality and its protective effects for this population group. Thus, we developed an educational booklet that facilitates the identification of problems with sleep, which employs recommendations to assist in sleep quality. Conclusion: The study conducted in undergraduate students in the epidemiological situation of 2022 demonstrated that those who have good sleep are less likely to have a high fear of COVID-19.