Incidência e prevalência das doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Distrito Federal – Brasil

Abstract

Background: The increase in incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is evident in many newly industrialized countries in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and the American continent. In Brazil, records are still scarce, and more studies on the subject are necessary. Patients affected by this disease have markedly reduced quality of life, notably influenced by symptoms and by misinformation. Objective: To know and evaluate the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of patients with IBD in the Federal District through secondary data from medical records, with subsequent scientific production on their clinical and demographic characteristics, in addition to the elaboration and validation of educational material. Method: In order to achieve the objectives presented, this research was divided into four distinct stages: I: literature review; II: elaboration of a scientific articles that has contemplated the main and secondary objectives, established in the study; III: development of educational technology for better promotion of care, communication and understanding of the disease, by patients with IBD and IV: validation and analysis of the booklet. Results: The results found in our study were mostly in agreement with the national theoretical references used for comparison. The study involved epidemiological data from 2,267 patients; 943 with Crohn's disease (41.6%) and 1324 with ulcerative colitis (58.4%). The mean age of the patients was 37 years, ranging from 18 to 85 years. In patients with CD, the predominant Montreal classification was A2, L3 and B1. In the UC, the predominant extension was pancolitis (E3). The aminossalicylates were the most frequently used medications in UC (82.1%); while in CD, were azathioprine (46.6%) and immunobiological therapy (59.1%). The booklet had relevant content and appearance, as it presented a concordance result (VCI), among the judges, of 90%. At the end of its elaboration, the booklet was composed of twenty topics, with comprehensive content on the subject. Products: Three scientific articles – the first, published in the journal REVISA (Qualis Capes B4); the second sent for consideration and publication to the journal World Journal of Gastroenterology (Qualis Capes A2), on the epidemiological profile of inflammatory bowel diseases in the Federal District - 2013 to 2019; the third sent for consideration and publication to the Brazilian Journal of Nursing (Qualis Capes A2),on the construction and validation of the educational booklet. Finally, the production of a broad educational instrument (booklet) on the theme of IBD. Conclusion: The sample comprised young patients, with no statistically significant predominance regarding gender. There was a higher frequency of patients with UC (58.4%) and predominance of pancolitis (E3), as an extension of disease. There was an average diagnostic delay of 13 months, with no statistical difference between diagnostic delays of CD or UC. Most were under drug treatment (predominance of aminossalicylates in UC; azathioprine and biological therapy in CD). We believe that the use of this booklet will be an important information tool, which will help patients in their treatment and health professionals, allowing adaptations to the different types of health unit where it is used.