Avaliação do controle glicêmico e conhecimento em diabetes gestacional, em gestantes atendidas em um hospital terciário do distrito federal, como determinante de peso fetal ao nascer e base para construção de aplicativo instrucional para dispositivo móvel

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder found during pregnancy. Adherence to follow-up with strict glycemic control is paramount to avoid maternal and fetal complications. Objectives: To identify the level of knowledge in diabetes within a group of pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Brasilia-DF (Brazil), during prenatal follow-up, relating it to epidemiological parameters and newborn data and to use the information collected as a contribution to the construction of an instructional application for mobile devices. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, in which patients with gestational diabetes were evaluated and referred to the endocrinology clinic during prenatal care. The electronic medical records of newborns for the collection of birth weight and complications after delivery were evaluated. To know the profile of the patients and their knowledge, two questionnaires were applied: the first with epidemiological data and the second about knowledge about diabetes. Furthermore, a technological construction study was carried out that followed the stages of the contextualized instructional model, using the stages of analysis, design, development and implementation. Results: 104 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 31,93 ± 6,9 years, and the majority had training between elementary and high school. The average of correct answers was 6,53 ± 2,4 questions, most of which were included in the group with the least knowledge (65.4%). After review of the literature, an electronic mobile application was developed with concise instructional material, based on the main difficulties identified about knowledge in gestational diabetes. Developed products: An application was developed, for mobile devices, with instructional material directed to pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The application called InfoGesta was made available on a virtual store basis of the Andoid operating system. Conclusions: The sample studied has low level of knowledge in relation to gestational diabetes and that the use of health applications can be used as a support tool for the care of the multidisciplinary team, aiming to improve the monitoring of patients regarding the self-care.