Mudança na epidemiologia da meningites por meningococo e pneumococo no Distrito Federal, 2010-2024

Abstract

Objective: to describe the incidence and case fatality rates of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis and to characterize the distribution of circulating serogroups and serotypes in the Federal District between 2010 and 2024. Methods: a descriptive ecological study based on meningitis data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan), the Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN), and the Adolfo Lutz Institute. Results: there was a decrease in the incidence rate of meningococcal disease from 0.74 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019 to 0.16 in 2024, while the incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis increased from 0.34 to 0.91. Serogroup C was the most prevalent in meningococcal disease. Na increase was observed in the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes not included in the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine, notably serotype 19A. Final considerations: there was a reversal in the frequency of bacterial etiological agents, with pneumococcal meningitis becoming predominant. The findings indicate the need to reassess the vaccina.