Acolhimento da equipe multiprofissional e construção de vínculo afetivo mãe- filho na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: The need for hospitalization of newborns immediately after birth influences the process of building maternal bonds and the security of subsequent attachment to the baby. The support of the multidisciplinary team is essential to help minimize the loss of bonding, as it plays a leading role in the care of the mother and her child. Objective: to evaluate the support of the multidisciplinary team and the construction of an emotional bond between mother and child during the period of hospitalization of the newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional correlational study of a quantitative nature. The research was carried out by filling out a sociodemographic questionnaire; the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was used to assess the creation of bond, the reception of the team was assessed by creating a reception questionnaire, and for socioeconomic class, the questionnaire of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP) was used. Depending on the distribution of the data, the Student 's t- test or the Mann-Whitney U test were applied for comparisons between quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with any subscale of the PBQ. Results: The study included the participation of 41 mothers of newborns who required hospitalization in the NICU. The average of age was 28.1 years old (SD = 7), 19.5% declared themselves to be of white ethnicity and 68.2% of mixed race, the majority of the research participants were married (85.4%). With the results of the health of the newborns generated in the study, it was observed that the average age of the neonates was 14.7 (SD = 15) days of life, 58.5% were premature. The PBQ evaluation identified that in Factor 1 9.8 % of the mothers presented impaired attachment and the average score was 5.3 (SD = 4.5), in relation to rejection and anger, identified by Factor 2, there was only 1 (2.4%) mother with a score greater than or equal to 16 and the average score was 3.8 (SD = 3.6 ). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient ( α ) was performed to evaluate the internal consistency of the reception questionnaire, the result of α = 0.705, and the value greater than or equal to 24 was considered for scoring. In the univariate analysis performed with the mother-baby bond, no association was found with age, ethnicity, level of education or being employed (p> 0.005). The closest to a significant association was among married women (p=0.008), followed by the time elapsed until the first contact between mother and child since birth (p=0.053) and reception by the multidisciplinary team (p=0.072). The multivariate correlation observed a significant relationship between the mother-child bond and married women (p= 0.020). Conclusion: The statistical analyses performed did not identify a significant association between maternal attachment and patient-centered care. It is recommended that longitudinal studies be conducted that apply the PBQ and validate the reception questionnaire for mothers of newborns.