Doulas e psicólogas na cena do parto: o papel que cabe a cada uma

Abstract

Introduction: Childbirth care has been increasingly the target of interest from the most diverse specialties in the health area. Childbirth has become medicalized and hospitalized, contributing to the improvement of maternal and neonatal mortality indicators, making the birth environment more convenient and aseptic for professionals and more unknown and frightening for women, who are no longer the protagonists of their births, there is no more room for subjectivity. This model has been questioned and other professionals are entering the scene, such as Doula and the Psychologist. Objective: This research aims to characterize and qualify the role of the Doula and the Psychologist in labor and delivery and systematize a proposal for the role of the hospital psychologist in the birth scene. Methods: qualitative research with exploratory and descriptive objectives, considering the scarcity of studies that address the role of the psychologist in the delivery room. Three doulas who work in childbirth and five psychologists who had experience working in the birth scene participated. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, Content Analysis was performed. Results and discussion: from the interviews, it is possible to notice that the role that the doula plays in the birth scene is not the same as that of the psychologist, as they have different purposes. As much as the objective of promoting a good birth experience is underlying both actions, the nature of the work does not appear to be the same. It is noted that doulas are more focused on meeting the care needs of the parturient, a job that is often manual, helping to relieve pain. Although she offers emotional support, the difference lies in the fact that the psychologist's view shows to be more focused on the subjective and psychic aspects that permeate labor and delivery, intervening when necessary. These are roles that complement each other, that are not exclusive, with space and place for both professions. The psychologist's main role in this scenario is to act as the guardian of women's subjectivity, in a context in which the quality of care is still predominantly biomedical. Based on the results, it was possible to systematize a proposal of action for the psychologist in the birth scene, considering the situations in which his presence is essential. Final considerations: At the end of this study, we are convinced that the experience and speech of the participants suggest the emergence of a fertile field for the psychologist's work: the birth scene! A new scenario for the role of the psychologist, whose role is still under construction.