Questões de gênero no bem estar no trabalho, estressores psicossociais e coping dos trabalhadores do atendimento pré-hospitalar: subsídios para apoiar decisões com maior equidade de gênero

Abstract

Introduction: Prehospital Care (APH) involves a direct contact with love and suffering, with life and death, with fear and frustration, causing physical, emotional, psychological and social stress in the workers who work this type of service. These aspects potentiate the experiences of anxiety, anxiety and stress in this work environment. Working women in this setting perceive psychosocial risks differently, which may demand different coping strategies and cause repercussions on well-being at work. Objectives: to identify the well-being at work, psychosocial stressors and coping in the workers of the APH and their distinctions by gender. Method: a quantitative cross-sectional study with workers from the Emergency Service of the Federal District (SAMU-DF) and the Federal District Military Fire Department (CBMDF) working in the APH. A sociodemographic instrument was applied, the Psychosocial Stressors Scale in the Work Context (EEPCL), the Occupational Wellbeing Inventory (IBET) and the Occupational Coping Scale (ECO). Logistic regression was performed to verify the distinctions of the scales and inventory according to sex. Data analyzes were performed in SPSS v. 20.0. Results: The sample consisted of 585 workers, which corresponds to 81% of the estimated population. Half of them worked in the CBMDF (50.8%). The mean age of the professionals in the sample was 38.9 years (± 7.2) with variation between 25 and 63 years. There was a higher male prevalence (72.2%), both among SAMU workers (55.9%) and firemen (88.1%); married or in a stable union (69.0%) and have at least one child (77.8%). The women presented higher paper overload (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.44), career insecurity (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.49), lack of (OR: 1.18 95% CI: 1.02-1.37), family work conflict (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.56) when compared to men working in the same type of service. The men presented greater commitment and satisfaction in the work than the women (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.49-0.82). The other factors of EEPCL, ECO and IBET dimensions did not present a statistically significant difference according to sex. Developed products: Reports with these results were provided to SAMU-DF and CBMDF managers as a way of supporting decisions and improving interventions to promote greater gender equity. Conclusions: Women were more affected by psychosocial stressors, which probably reduced well-being at work. This was possibly because they experienced a different social context than men.